Electronic waste, or e-waste, represents one of the fastest-growing waste streams globally, driven by rapid technological advancements and consumer demand for the latest gadgets. E-waste contains valuable metals such as gold, silver, and copper, as well as hazardous substances like lead and mercury. Effective e-waste recycling programs focus on safely extracting these valuable materials for reuse while ensuring that hazardous components are properly disposed of or treated to prevent environmental contamination. Advanced technologies and processes, such as hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods, are employed to maximize resource recovery and minimize environmental impact. By integrating e-waste recycling into broader waste management systems, we can reduce the environmental footprint of electronic products and promote a circular economy.

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